Desenvolvimento inovador de construção na rússia: economia, tecnologias, gestão

The main directions of innovative development of the construction industry in the views of different authors are considered. From the perspective of the state programs “Innovative Russia - 2020” and “Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”, proposals were developed to make the innovation process on improving technologies, organization and management of construction industry more orderly and systematic. The system-synergistic and cluster approaches to the formation of innovative practices in capital construction based on the use of BIM-technologies have been substantiated.Se consideran las principales direcciones de desarrollo innovador de la industria de la construcción en las opiniones de diferentes autores. Desde la perspectiva de los programas estatales “Rusia innovadora - 2020” y “Estrategia para el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de la Federación de Rusia”, se desarrollaron propuestas para hacer que el proceso de innovación para mejorar las tecnologías, la organización y la gestión de la industria de la construcción sea más ordenado y sistemático. Los enfoques de sinergia de sistemas y de grupos para la formación de prácticas innovadoras en la construcción de capital basada en el uso de tecnologías BIM se han comprobado.As direções principais do desenvolvimento inovador da indústria de construção nas visões de autores diferentes são consideradas. Do ponto de vista dos programas estaduais “Rússia inovadora - 2020” e “Estratégia para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da Federação Russa”, foram desenvolvidas propostas para tornar o processo de inovação na melhoria das tecnologias, organização e gestão da indústria da construção civil mais ordenada e sistemática. As abordagens sinérgicas do sistema e cluster para a formação de práticas inovadoras na construção do capital com base no uso de tecnologias BIM foram comprovadas

Modern management of prehepatic portal hypertension in children

Scopul lucrării. Hipertensiunea portală (HTP) prehepatică la copil are la bază o etiologie multifactorială și în 90-94% este complicată cu hemoragie din varicele esofagiene. Abordarea medico-chirurgicală a acestor copii implică necesitatea unui management bine definit cu aplicarea graduală a măsurilor întreprinse de la metodele conservative până la tratamentul chirurgical specializat. Rezultatele tratamentului HTP la copii s-a îmbunătățit semnificativ datorită controlului endoscopic eficient a varicelor esofagiene și a tratamentului chirurgical. Scopul studiului este evaluarea rezultatelor tratamentului HTP prehepatice la copii. Materiale și metode. În studiu au fost incluși 72 de copii cu HTP tratați în perioada 2012-2022, 41 fete și 31 băieți cu vârsta 1-18 ani, mediana de 12 ani, 34 (47,2%) au fost supuși intervenției chirurgicale de șuntare. Rezultate. Tratamentul medicamentos în combinație cu ligaturarea endoscopică a varicelor esofagiene a fost inițiat la toți copiii cu HTP. La 18 copii ligaturarea preoperatorie a fost efectuată de 2 ori, la alți 7 copii de 3 ori. 34 de copii au fost inițial internați în șoc hipovolemic condiționat de hemoragie prin erupție variceală. 2 copii au decedat preoperator. Tratamentului chirurgical au fost supuși bolnavii cu varice esofagiene gr. III și bolnavii care s-au adresat inițial cu hemoragie acută. La 18 copii a fost efectuat șunt mezo portal, 11 portosistemic splenorenal, 3 mezo-caval, la 2 s-a efectuat operația Sigiura. Complicațiile postoperatorii – ascita 4 copii, chiloperitoneu 2 copii, encefalopatia a fost apreciată la o fetiță cu șunt mezo-caval. Decese, stenoză de șunt și recurenta hemoragiei din varice esofagiene nu s-a înregistrat. Concluzie. Aplicarea șuntului mezo-portal este tratamentul de elecție în HTP prehepatică la copil. Alternativa șuntului mezo-portal poate fi șuntul splenorenal.bleeding in 90-94% of cases. The medical-surgical approach for these children involves a well-defined management plan with a gradual application of measures, starting from conservative methods to specialized surgical treatment. The treatment outcomes for PH in children have significantly improved due to efficient endoscopic control of esophageal varices and surgical intervention. The objective is the evaluation of the treatment outcomes for prehepatic portal hypertension in children. Materials and methods. The study included 72 children with PH treated between 2012 and 2022, comprising 41 girls and 31 boys, aged 1-18 years, with a median age of 12 years. Of these, 34 (47.2%) underwent surgical shunting. Results. Medical treatment in combination with endoscopic variceal ligation was initiated for all children after diagnosing PH. Preoperative ligation was performed twice in 18 children and three times in 7 other children. Thirty-four children were initially admitted in hypovolemic shock due to variceal bleeding. Two children died preoperatively. Surgical treatment was performed on patients with grade III esophageal varices and those who initially presented with bleeding from esophageal and gastroesophageal varices. Mesenteric-portal shunt was performed in 18 children, portosystemic splenorenal shunt in 11, mesocaval shunt in 3, and the Sugiura procedure in 2 children. Postoperative complications included ascites in 4 children, chylous ascites in 2 children, and encephalopathy observed in one girl who underwent a mesocaval shunt. No deaths, shunt stenosis, or recurrent variceal bleeding were recorded. Conclusions. Mesenteric-portal shunt is the treatment of choice for prehepatic portal hypertension in children. An alternative option can be splenorenal shunting

El moderno sistema de tributación de los bienes inmuebles

Taxation has long been an integral part of the functioning of the state, and if earlier the so-called “taxes” were used exclusively for the ruling elite and the bureaucratic apparatus, today taxes, forming the state budget revenue item, are subsequently redistributed to support programs various spheres of society, be it medicine, education, science, etc. The article is devoted to the study of the modern system of taxation of real estate, in particular, the specific features of real estate as objects of taxation, the main types of property taxes, regulatory legal acts in the field of taxation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the tax structure of the Russian Federation.Los impuestos han sido durante mucho tiempo una parte integral del funcionamiento del estado, y si antes los llamados «impuestos» se usaban exclusivamente para la élite gobernante y el aparato burocrático, hoy los impuestos, que forman la partida de ingresos del presupuesto estatal, se redistribuyen posteriormente a programas de apoyo en diversas esferas de la sociedad, ya sea medicina, educación, ciencia, etc. El artículo está dedicado al estudio del sistema moderno de tributación de bienes inmuebles, en particular, las características específicas de los bienes inmuebles como objetos impositivos, los principales tipos de impuestos a la propiedad, actos legales regulatorios en el campo de los impuestos, así como las ventajas y desventajas de la estructura tributaria de la Federación de Rusia

Adaptable Security in Wireless Sensor Networks by Using Reconfigurable ECC Hardware Coprocessors

Specific features of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) like the open accessibility to nodes, or the easy observability of radio communications, lead to severe security challenges. The application of traditional security schemes on sensor nodes is limited due to the restricted computation capability, low-power availability, and the inherent low data rate. In order to avoid dependencies on a compromised level of security, a WSN node with a microcontroller and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is used along this work to implement a state-of-the art solution based on ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography). In this paper it is described how the reconfiguration possibilities of the system can be used to adapt ECC parameters in order to increase or reduce the security level depending on the application scenario or the energy budget. Two setups have been created to compare the software- and hardware-supported approaches. According to the results, the FPGA-based ECC implementation requires three orders of magnitude less energy, compared with a low power microcontroller implementation, even considering the power consumption overhead introduced by the hardware reconfiguratio

Transcription and chromatin regulation by TAF4b during cellular quiescence of developing prospermatogonia

Prospermatogonia (ProSpg) link the embryonic development of male primordial germ cells to the healthy establishment of postnatal spermatogonia and spermatogonial stem cells. While these spermatogenic precursor cells undergo the characteristic transitions of cycling and quiescence, the transcriptional events underlying these developmental hallmarks remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of TBP-associated factor 4b (Taf4b) in the timely development of quiescent mouse ProSpg using an integration of gene expression profiling and chromatin mapping. We find that Taf4b mRNA expression is elevated during the transition of mitotic-to-quiescent ProSpg and Taf4b-deficient ProSpg are delayed in their entry into quiescence. Gene ontology, protein network analysis, and chromatin mapping demonstrate that TAF4b is a direct and indirect regulator of chromatin and cell cycle-related gene expression programs during ProSpg quiescence. Further validation of these cell cycle mRNA changes due to the loss of TAF4b was accomplished via immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Together, these data indicate that TAF4b is a key transcriptional regulator of the chromatin and quiescent state of the developing mammalian spermatogenic precursor lineage

Privacy-Preserving Observation in Public Spaces

One method of privacy-preserving accounting or billing in cyber-physical systems, such as electronic toll collection or public transportation ticketing, is to have the user present an encrypted record of transactions and perform the accounting or billing computation securely on them. Honesty of the user is ensured by spot checking the record for some selected surveyed transactions. But how much privacy does that give the user, i.e. how many transactions need to be surveyed? It turns out that due to collusion in mass surveillance all transactions need to be observed, i.e. this method of spot checking provides no privacy at all. In this paper we present a cryptographic solution to the spot checking problem in cyber-physical systems. Users carry an authentication device that authenticates only based on fair random coins. The probability can be set high enough to allow for spot checking, but in all other cases privacy is perfectly preserved. We analyze our protocol for computational efficiency and show that it can be efficiently implemented even on plat- forms with limited computing resources, such as smart cards and smart phones

Tracing ancestry with methylation patterns: most crypts appear distantly related in normal adult human colon

BACKGROUND: The ability to discern ancestral relationships between individual human colon crypts is limited. Widely separated crypts likely trace their common ancestors to a time around birth, but closely spaced adult crypts may share more recent common ancestors if they frequently divide by fission to form clonal patches. Alternatively, adult crypts may be long-lived structures that infrequently divide or die. METHODS: Methylation patterns (the 5' to 3' order of methylation) at CpG sites that exhibit random changes with aging were measured from isolated crypts by bisulfite genomic sequencing. This epigenetic drift may be used to infer ancestry because recently related crypts should have similar methylation patterns. RESULTS: Methylation patterns were different between widely separated ("unrelated") crypts greater than 15 cm apart. Evidence for a more recent relationship between directly adjacent or branched crypts could not be found because their methylation pattern distances were not significantly different than widely separated crypt pairs. Methylation patterns are essentially equally different between two adult human crypts regardless of their relative locations. CONCLUSIONS: Methylation patterns appear to record somatic cell trees. Starting from a single cell at conception, sequences replicate and may drift apart. Most adult human colon crypts appear to be long-lived structures that become mosaic with respect to methylation during aging

Low-Weight Primes for Lightweight Elliptic Curve Cryptography on 8-bit AVR Processors

Small 8-bit RISC processors and micro-controllers based on the AVR instruction set architecture are widely used in the embedded domain with applications ranging from smartcards over control systems to wireless sensor nodes. Many of these applications require asymmetric encryption or authentication, which has spurred a body of research into implementation aspects of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on the AVR platform. In this paper, we study the suitability of a special class of finite fields, the so-called Optimal Prime Fields (OPFs), for a "lightweight" implementation of ECC with a view towards high performance and security. An OPF is a finite field Fp defined by a prime of the form p = u*2^k + v, whereby both u and v are "small" (in relation to 2^k) so that they fit into one or two registers of an AVR processor. OPFs have a low Hamming weight, which allows for a very efficient implementation of the modular reduction since only the non-zero words of p need to be processed. We describe a special variant of Montgomery multiplication for OPFs that does not execute any input-dependent conditional statements (e.g. branch instructions) and is, hence, resistant against certain side-channel attacks. When executed on an Atmel ATmega processor, a multiplication in a 160-bit OPF takes just 3237 cycles, which compares favorably with other implementations of 160-bit modular multiplication on an 8-bit processor. We also describe a performance-optimized and a security-optimized implementation of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over OPFs. The former uses a GLV curve and executes in 4.19M cycles (over a 160-bit OPF), while the latter is based on a Montgomery curve and has an execution time of approximately 5.93M cycles. Both results improve the state-of-the-art in lightweight ECC on 8-bit processors